Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of MDMA-assisted Therapy for PTSD

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with chronic PTSD with a duration of 6 months or longer. * Have a CAPS score showing moderate to severe symptoms. * Had at least one unsuccessful attempt at treatment for PTSD, either with talk therapy or with drugs, or stopped treatment because of inability to tolerate psychotherapy or drug therapy. * Are at least 18 years old. * Generally healthy. * Must sign a medical release for the investigators to communicate directly with their therapist and doctors. * Are willing to refrain from taking any psychiatric medications during the study period. * Agree that, one week before the MDMA session, will refrain from taking all below unless with prior approval of research team: herbal supplements, nonprescription medications (with the exception of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen, any prescription medications, with the exception of birth control pills, thyroid hormone, or other medications; * Are willing to follow restrictions and guidelines concerning consumption of food, beverages. and nicotine the night before and just prior to each experimental session. * Are willing to remain overnight at the study site. * Are willing to be contacted via telephone for all necessary telephone contacts. * Must have a negative pregnancy test if able to bear children, and agree to use an effective form of birth control. * Agree not to participate in any other clinical trial for the duration of this clinical trial, including the follow-up period. * Are proficient in speaking and reading Hebrew. * Agree to have all psychotherapy sessions recorded to audio/video. Exclusion Criteria: * Are pregnant or nursing, or if they can have children and are not practicing an effective means of birth control. * Weigh less than 48 kg. * Are abusing illegal drugs. * Have used "Ecstasy" (material represented as containing MDMA) more than five times or at least once within 6 months of the MDMA session. * Are unable to give adequate informed consent. * Upon review of past and current drugs/medication must not be on or have taken a medication that is exclusionary. * Upon review of medical or psychiatric history must not have any current or past diagnosis that would be considered a risk to participation in the study.